This energy system description is only a thought. There may be no scientific or engineering support for it. Please read it with caution.
The core of the Sun is said to be at a temperature of 15 million degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the sun’s photosphere is about 5,500 degrees Celsius. (We get degrees Kelvin by adding 273 to the Celsius value. At these large values such addition is not important for our discussion here.)
We, on earth, get thermal energy (heat) by radiation from the Sun. As we discussed earlier in another posting, this heat is used to evaporate sea water, to cause clouds, to move them up into the sky and all over the globe. In the night time (at various points on the earth), the heat is radiated from the clouds to deep space and the clouds become water and water will come down to the earth as rain or snow.
It is interesting to realize that here is a heat engine. It has a source (Sun) at a high temperature, a sink (Deep space) at a low temperature, water acting as the working medium converting thermal energy into mechanical energy (work), and space serving as the apparatus or equipment.
It is also interesting to realize that the thermal radiation from the Sun is also heating air and moving it up while the Deep space is cooling it at night time. Thus, there is another heat engine generating mechanical energy in the form of kinetic and potential energy of the air.
We thank the Sun (the donor), but we should also thank the Cold Deep space (the donee) and the elements water and air, which act as the working media. Otherwise, without the done and the elements, we would have gotten heat and not mechanical energy (work).
We should wonder if on some other planets, a similar energy to work conversion would take place if those planets have fluids such as water and air. It may be worthwhile conducting an experiment by taking water to some planets with no atmosphere there and see if rains occur.
Even a larger Energy System:
Astronomers explain that the angular momentum allows the earth and other planets in the solar system to continue to spin and orbit. It is perhaps so!
But, there may be a larger energy system that causes the rotations and movements of all the planets in our universe.
The thermal cycle taking place on the earth (namely, solar energy evaporating water, deep space causing that water vapor to condense as rain, and generating mechanical energy) should prompt us to ask if there is a bigger heat engine going on in the cosmos. It may not use water and air as the working substances but may use other energy conversion mechanisms and still using the thermal cycles.
In the cosmos, there may be a body at a temperature at infinity degrees and a body at zero degrees spinning all the planets in the solar system. The body at a temperature at infinity degrees can only give away heat but cannot receive heat, while the body at zero degrees can only receive heat but cannot give away heat unaided with mechanical energy from another body. The body at zero degrees can be a Black hole as far as thermal energy is concerned.
We know that the Sun (just) is there with internal sources generating energy from materials to sustain life on earth with energy. One could hypothesize that there is some infinite thermal energy source continuing to radiate looking for a body either to absorb it or reflect it. Someone has to search the whole cosmos and show the absence of the Infinite temperature source and the Zero temperature sink.
Please note that according to our observations of the nature and as enunciated by the Laws of Thermodynamics, heat can flow only from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature unaided by external forces. These laws do not say anything about other forms of energy and whether the other forms of energy can flow from and to the bodies at any temperature.
The Laws of Thermodynamics also do not say anything about other universes as we have no knowledge about them. Other universes and what happens in these extreme bodies (Infinity and Zero) will be interesting to imagine and study.
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